Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) procedure

What is a VATS procedure? 

A VATS procedure can be used to diagnose and treat a wide range of lung and chest conditions. Our thoracic surgeons may recommend VATS if you need tissue removed to diagnose lung cancer or other chest cancers, or if surgery is required to treat lung cancer.

VATS is also used for specialist procedures such as lung volume reduction surgery, as well as to remove excess fluid or air from around the lungs that may be affecting breathing or lung function.

Our expert thoracic surgeons at Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals specialise in using advanced VATS techniques to treat lung cancer. Where suitable, we offer single‑port VATS, allowing effective treatment without the need for traditional open chest surgery.

How does a VATS procedure work?

A VATS procedure uses a small camera (thoracoscope) and surgical tools inserted into your chest through several small incisions. This technique is known as laparoscopic surgery.  

The thoracoscope relays images from your chest to a video monitor, allowing your surgeon to see inside your chest without making a significant incision. 

At Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals, our consultants led the VIOLET study to learn more about the outcomes of a VATS procedure. This study found that the VATS procedure decreased pain, reduced complications and led to a quicker recovery than open chest surgery.

Read more about our expertise in treating lung cancer.

Why might a VATS procedure be performed? 

People need a VATS procedure for many reasons, and our thoracic surgeons will ensure that you receive the care that suits your needs. 

We may advise you to have a VATS procedure if:  

• you need tissue removal to diagnose lung cancer or other types of chest cancer 
• you require lung surgery to treat lung cancer 
• you need lung volume reduction surgery 
• excess fluid or air must be removed from your lungs 

Our team is made up of experts who perform VATS to treat lung cancer. We offer a single-port VATS procedure to effectively manage and treat lung cancer without needing to perform invasive open chest surgery. 

Our lung cancer risk assessment service is available for people at an increased risk of developing lung cancer — such as those aged over 50 with a long history of smoking — as well as for anyone concerned about symptoms including a persistent cough or a dull ache in the chest. The service offers a comprehensive review by one of our specialist respiratory medicine consultants.

Who is suitable for a VATS procedure? 

We may carry out imaging, lung function tests and blood tests before confirming whether a VATS procedure is suitable for you. These diagnostic tests help us understand your condition and determine the most effective treatment for your individual needs.

If you would like to discuss the VATS procedure with one of our consultants, complete the form on this page or speak to our team to arrange a consultation.

Preparing for a VATS procedure 

We’ll inform you of any preparations to follow before your procedure. These preparations will usually include fasting for a specified amount of time before your procedure. You’ll also need to arrange transportation home as you can’t drive during your initial recovery period.

Do not hesitate to ask our team for support if you have any questions before your VATS procedure.

What happens during a VATS procedure? 

On the day of your VATS procedure, we’ll take you to the operating room and place you under general anaesthetic so you’ll be asleep throughout. We’ll also insert a breathing tube via your airways to provide oxygen to your lungs.  

Next, your surgeon will make small incisions in your chest and insert the thoracoscope and the surgical instruments. Depending on the treatment required for your condition, your surgeon will perform the procedure using the relayed video images to guide them. 

We can perform various procedures during a VATS operation, such as lung resection for lung cancer and non-cancerous lung conditions like emphysema. During a lung resection, your surgeon will remove all or part of your lung to improve your condition. 

Once the procedure is complete, we’ll remove the thoracoscope and surgical tools and stitch your incisions. We’ll then take you to the recovery room and monitor you before you are discharged.

If you would like to speak to one of our consultants about the VATS procedure, contact our team to book an appointment. 

How long does a VATS procedure take? 

VATS procedures can take between 2-3 hours, but this can vary depending on the type of treatment you need. You may also need to stay in the hospital for a few days to monitor your health and overall condition. 

In some cases, patients are able to leave hospital on the same day as their procedure to continue recovery in the comfort of their own homes. Same-day discharge is dependent on a number of factors, including your pain levels, confidence in leaving the hospital, and logistical aspects to ensure you can be discharged safely. You will be able to discuss expected discharge timelines with your consultant prior to the procedure.

What happens after a VATS procedure? 

You might feel slightly groggy when you come round from the general anaesthetic, but we’ll provide you with pain relief medication if you need it. 

Once you’re back at home, it’s normal to feel some discomfort. However, this can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relief medication. 

We’ll also let you know if and when you need to come back to remove your stitches.

What is the recovery time for a VATS procedure? 

Most people recover fully after 2 weeks following a VATS procedure. Your surgeon will tell you when it’s safe to return to driving and heavy lifting.  

The recovery time after a VATS procedure is much shorter than after open chest surgery. The reason for this is because the technique is minimally invasive, causing less trauma to your body.  

We can also offer cryotherapy pain relief as an add-on to your VATS procedure. We apply the cryotherapy treatment during your VATS, offering up to 6 months of pain relief post-surgery. 

Our specialists can answer your questions about the procedure or recovery. Complete the form on this page to arrange a consultation.

Benefits of a VATS procedure

A VATS procedure has many benefits, including treating your lung condition effectively.  

Some of the other key benefits of a VATS procedure include:  

• lower risk of complications 
• minimal scarring 
• reduced pain  
• shorter hospital stays 
• short recovery time versus open surgery 

At Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals, you can receive all the benefits of a VATS procedure, plus the expertise of our thoracic surgeons. With our support, you can access the dedicated healthcare you deserve.

Risks of a VATS procedure 

Although the VATS procedure is generally considered safe, like all surgeries, there is a risk of potential complications. 

Some possible risks associated with the VATS procedure are:  

• bleeding
• pneumonia
• short-term or permanent nerve damage
• side effects from the general anaesthetic (this is rare)

Our committed team takes every precaution to minimise risks wherever possible, so you can be confident when you choose Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals.   

If you would like to speak to one of our consultants about the benefits and risks of the VATS procedure, contact us to book an appointment.